Parallel with promotion of human right concepts in the second half of twentieth century and increasing stress on social, ethical, environmental and humanitarian values under global focus, new concepts are established and multinational companies are not exempted because of their unique role in international tradeand Codes of conducts-ethics are one of these concepts. On the other hand Islamic jurisprudence and law on international trade and transactions is based on the same rules governing private law which encompass human rights and can be studied when dealing with companies. This article endeavors to assess the state of Codes of ethics and principles of conducts in international law concerning companies and Islamic law in three areas of human rights, labor law and environment law and to show that Islamic law and contemporary international law have common elements in human rights as the basis of Codes of conduct and ethics for companies.

The first and the most dominant function of the law is to regulate the conduct and private behavior in social life through legal commands. The choice at the rulemaking stage to frame a law command either as a rule (ex ante, limited-factor liability determinants) or as a standard (ex post, multi-factor liability determinants) does have implications for the efficient enforcement of law, given that rule-like and standard-like commands imply different sets of costs and benefits for the enforcement authority. Uniform rules limit arbitrary or partisan actions by election supervisors, canvassing boards, courts, and other decision-makers. At the same time, mechanical rules ignore important factors and can lead to the suppression of fundamental political rights. More flexible standards give decision-makers the discretion to protect political participation in particular contexts, but this discretion may also allow a decision-maker’s biases to enter the political process. The idea of a pure dualism between rules and standards is too simplistic; rather a continuum of intermediate commands exists. Therefore, there should be the possibility to detect an optimal degree of differentiation of law between the two extremes of rules and standards based on the general aims and function of the law and practical preferences. The paper investigates whether it is possible to assess such optimum and what are the determinants of it. At last, the paper concludes that it is impossible to prefer rule on standards or vice versa rather there would be a need for case by case evaluation to explore which rules or standards are likely to be preferable.

In line with the passage of time and advancement of science and technology, there have been changes in individuals’ social relations in different societies which are easily observable. Changes in ideals and wishes, needs and expectations of individuals have influenced on social institutions and were also influenced by the transformation of these institutions. Family, too, as the basic institution in any society, is not an exception and is transforming. Unquestionably, changes in role and status of family will be observable in the society and its functions. One of the most significant of these changes in the recent decades was in marriage. This paper is to study the social changes in marriage in Iran and the role and function of government and the related institutions.

The expansion and influence of ICTs and the subsequent emergence of cyber space has made fundamental changes in all aspects of human life, including the national security of societies. Cyberspace with its unique features by the means of information exchange technology had put challenges to national security whose protection is traditionally difficult and inadequate. Although criminal proceedings against these crimes are inevitable, given the reactivity of this act and its adoption after the offense, it cannot undermine the harmful effects of these crimes. Instead, it seems that preventive criminal policy, in the form of social prevention can be considered as the most effective strategy to deal with these new threats. This article by a descriptive analytical method, identifies cybercrime crimes and examines social prevention programs for dealing with cybercrime against national security. The outcome of this study is to identify and validate the implementation of this preventive model.

The main purpose of the survey is examining the ethical conducts between athlete and non-athlete females. Among specific objectives, the difference between these two groups in punishment and obedience, instrumental and relatively interpersonal concordance, respect to law and order, social contract, and universal ethical principle variables have been examined. The random sampling method of survey was implied and 60 female athlete students aged 19-30 among member of university teams with at least 5 year - club activities were selected. Also, 60 female non-athlete students aged 19-30 who have had no sports activities were selected. In this survey, these two groups of athlete and non-athlete students were compared. The researcher found no significant differences between these two groups with regard to punishment and obedience, instrumental and relatively interpersonal concordance, respect to social contacts, respect to law and order. But there was a significant difference indicating that non-athletes have superiority than athletes to variable of universal ethical principle.

Man's belief in himself plays an essential part in his moral conducts. On this basis, this paper tries to explain the principles for one's true understanding of oneself. As is understood here, belief in the dignity of human soul and belief in the depended existence of human being can be regarded as two main principles needed for a true comprehension of man. Relying on the two principles, one can attain a true conception of one's attitude toward oneself and approve his or her conducts. Needless to say, there is a bidirectional relation between awareness of the dignity of human soul and moral conduct. More permanent the latter, more perfect the former and viceversa.

In Islamic jurisprudence giving obligation to drunkens acts and correctness of wordly and deedly acts and it's athari waz’y this acts, is an arguable subject between usulin and jurists. While usulian to lean on principals such as understanding abilities of duties from required; and by comparison of asleep, neglegant and mad, agree with not giving obligation to drunk acts and especially according to khitab al-waz` view, by analysis problem to causation, intoxicated should be responsible for the results of their deeds and wards.Majority of jurists by refereeing to rules such as” al-aimtnae bilakhtyar la yanafai al-akhtyar” related to delibratly drunk, say that intoxication cann' t be an abstacle to giving obligation and drunk and sober are equal in giving obligation. Deliberated drunk is someone who without having one of the legal excuses such as reluctance, necessity, ignorance; deliberately drink with awareness.From the view point of majority jurists, such person for having freewill and awareness in becoming intoxication and also for committing legal prohibition, would be recompand to punishment and results of his/her acts. Opposed to, undelibrated drunk who his/her intoxication is allowable and it is legal excuses. Such person would not be recompand to punishment and results of his/her deeds and words.